Hayghar valley! Grand canyon of Middeleast (Firoozabad, Fars, Iran)

Hayghar valley in the heart of the rocky mountains of the Zagros, in Firoozabad, Fars, Iran, has magnificent and wonderful landscapes. A river passes through it that the sound of water is so pleasant...The depth of the valley reaches 450 meters and the length about 13 kilometers.

An incredibly beautiful and exciting place to visit and enjoy the weekend Famous for the Grand Canyon of Iran A deep and dream valley The river course that lives deep in the valley is very tumultuous Herb tissue is almost tinny The best time is spring and autumn.

The canyon is so magnificent and so amazing that I could ever dream of. If you find the correct vista point on the way and head to the canyon at good weather , you can see an eternal view of a wonderful canyon with a blue river running inside it and different flocks of birds flying beneath you between the rocky walls of the valley. You can hear nothing but the wind blowing and the birds singing.

#Hayghar #valley #firozabad #shiraz #Iran

Documents of Polish Refuges in Iran - پناهندگان لهستانی در ایران

In this Post, we review story of Polish refuges during world war-II, sending to Siberia, Russia, entering Iran, and then immigrating to other places.

(1) Russia

On September 1, 1939, German forces invaded Poland and defeated the Polish Army within weeks. Most of the westernmost Polish territory was annexed directly to the Reich; the remainder of the areas conceded to Germany by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany became the so-called General Government View This Term in the Glossary, administered by the German occupiers.

In accordance with the Pact’s secret protocols, the Soviet Union annexed most of eastern Poland after Poland’s defeat. As a result, millions of Poles fell under Soviet authority, either because they lived in areas the Soviets occupied or because they had fled east to these areas as refugees from Nazi-occupied Poland.

(2) Iran

Evacuating Polish Refuges From Soviet Union During World War-II

تخلیه غیرنظامیان لهستانی از اتحاد جماهیر شوروی در جنگ جهانی دوم

مهاجرت لهستانی‌ها به ایران پیرو تخلیه غیرنظامیان لهستانی از اتحاد جماهیر شوروی در جنگ دوم جهانی روی داد

Role of "allies" in relocation Polish Refuges to Iran

همزمان با گسترش جنگ دوم جهانی در سال 1318 خورشیدی (برابر با 1939 میلادی) آلمان نازی متوجه همسایه خود لهستان شد و به این کشور حمله کرد و شوروی نیز از طرف دیگر به لهستان هجوم برد.

160,000 Polish Refuges in Iran

 هزار مهاجر لهستانی در ایران-مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های سیاسی

Polish Refuges in Iran during World War-II , part 1

پناهندگان لهستانی در ایران، در دوره جنگ جهانی دوم 

Polish Refuges in Iran during World War-II , part 2

Entering Iran, from Russia: Port Anzali

لهستانی‌ها نیامده بودند در انزلی بمیرند - تاریخ ایرانی

زمانی سر و صدا در آمد که لهستانی‌ها وبا گرفته‌اند. اگر وبا می‌شد ما هم همراه آن‌ها مبتلا می‌شدیم. هیچ پادزهری هم نبود.

Part of Polish Refuges settled in Isfahan, Iran -1

لهستانی هایی که در اصفهان ساکن شدند

Part of Polish Refuges settled in Isfahan, Iran -2

نمایشگاه عکس لهستانی‌های مقیم اصفهان

Helen Estelmakh life Story - in Farsi/Persian-1

سوژه کتاب «از ورشو تا تهران» درگذشت 

هلن استلماخ  بازمانده لهستانی‌تبار جنگ جهانی دوم در ایران پس از گذراندن دوران سخت بیماری صبح امروز درگذشت.

Helen Estelmakh Memories of Iran-2

خاطرات زن لهستانی‌تبار 86 ساله از مهمان‌نوازی ایرانی‌ها در پذیرش مهاجران

«هلنا استلماچ» 86 ساله که بیش از 8 دهه در ایران سکونت دارد، بخشی از خاطراتش را درباره مهاجرت لهستانی‌ها به ایران و برخورد گرم ایرانی‌ها با آنها بازگو کرده است.

"The Lost Requiem" Documentary- by Khosro Sinaei 

مستند دیدنی (مرثیه ی گمشده) درباره مهاجرت لهستانی ها به ایران

مرثیه گمشده (The Lost Requiem) عنوان فیلمی ۵۹ دقیقه‌ای مستندی ساخته خسرو سینایی

"Living season" Document - in Farsi

مستند فصل زندگی - مهاجرت لهستانی ها به ایران

« فصل زندگی » روایت گر ماجرای مهاجرت لهستانی ها به ایران است که در سال های جنگ دوم جهانی روی داد و با وجود بی طرفی ایران، مسائل و مشکلات اقتصادی و اجتماعی زیادی برای ایران به همراه داشت. 

Polish Refuges leaving Tehran, Iran,  1944

مهاجران لهستانی در حال ترک تهران در سال ۱۳۲۳

Memories of Polish people in Iran, forever!

       Catholic-Polish Refuge tombs in Iran-1

گورستان کاتولیک لهستانی‌های تهران

       Catholic-Polish Refuge tombs in Iran-2

گورستان لهستانی‌ها در تهران

گورستان کاتولیک لهستانی‌های تهران گورستانی در محله دروازه دولاب در جنوب شهر تهران است که آرامگاه ۱۸۹۲ شهروند لهستانی در آن قرار دارد که همگی در سال ۱۹۴۲ میلادی درگذشته‌اند. 

(3) Immigration to other places like Oceania, via India etc. 

Wish all of you Peace!

Vazvan Kariz | ancient aqueduct | 3000 years world heritage site by UNESCO!

Kariz (Qanat or Roman Aqueduct) is an old knowledge that has been used in more than 35 countries. Kariz, previously recognized as a water management technology, involves horizontal subsurface galleries and vertical monitoring shafts, which works based on natural gravity force. This paper reviews various geoengineering and environmental impacts studies that have been carried out on Kariz networks during recent decades. Other emerging impacts of Kariz systems as an environmentally-friendly technology, its impacts on tourism attraction, land subsidence, and water management have been explored here. Due to modern lifestyle and demand for clean water as a result of population growth, especially in semi-arid or arid climates, this review study aims to explore the important role of Kariz system as a sustainable way of underground water management! 

The Vazvan Kariz or ancient aqueduct is situated in the city of  Vazvan in the Mime district of the Iranian province of Isfahan. This aqueduct is also one of the Iranian aqueducts that has been designated a world heritage site, by UNESCO.

The "Vazvan" Kariz is the only one with an underground dam's full architectural design, including seven valves. Dams are the finest way to store water in arid areas. Unquestionably, the Vazvan Kariz underground's dam,  is one of Iran's aqueducts'/Karizeses' wonders.

There are two underground water ovens (locally called Kar or Koreh) at a point of the Vazvan aqueduct that is above the dam of the aqueduct, and after closing the water, these cracks, forty liters of water per second, the water stored behind the dam for 120 days is directed to the underground reservoirs, and after opening the valves installed in the dam, the stored water gradually flows back into the aqueduct. This is a point that can be mentioned about the Vazvan aqueduct The aqueduct channels behind the dam have a capacity of 3200 = 4 x 800 cubic meters and are 800 meters long, one meter broad, and four meters high.

Moreover, the water that is stored behind the dam is 414,720 cubic meters of water according to the equation, which is more than the capacity of the canals of the aqueduct, and the excess of 411,520 cubic meters of the capacity of the channels is stored in the underground reservoirs by the aforementioned water heaters and by opening the dam valves. , gradually enters the consumption cycle.

Geologically speaking, The Kariz is situated in a sedimentary-stone layer that has split into two layers over the course of many years as a result of the region's declining water level, one of which is 35 km long and 18.40 meters deep, as indicated by the appearance of an aqueduct, and whose depth is visible in the mother of the current well. In the mountain stone layer, the lower floor of the aqueduct is excavated from the water's surface to a height of 2 meters and 10 centimeters. The rough estimation shows that this Kariz was constructed about 3000 years ago, and the only one in the entire Isfahan region to store subsurface water in a subsurface dam!

From water management side, Based on research, this Kariz has been implemented in a very fascinating system that manages water between the first of December and the 25th/30th of April of the following year. This Kariz was registered as a UNESCO in 2016, Istanbul, considering its cultural, archaeological and technological point of views.

Zarch Kariz | Longest Underground Ancient Water Management System | UNESCO Heritage Site #Kariz

Kariz (Qanat or Roman Aqueduct) is an old knowledge that has been used in more than 35 countries. Kariz, previously recognized as a water management technology, involves horizontal subsurface galleries and vertical monitoring shafts, which works based on natural gravity force. This paper reviews various geoengineering and environmental impacts studies that have been carried out on Kariz networks during recent decades. 

Other emerging impacts of Kariz systems as an environmentally-friendly technology, its impacts on tourism attraction, land subsidence, and water management have been explored here. Due to modern lifestyle and demand for clean water as a result of population growth, especially in semi-arid or arid climates, this review study aims to explore the important role of Kariz system as a sustainable way of underground water management! 

Zarch Kariz | Longest Underground Ancient Water Management System | UNESCO Heritage Site.

An Ancient Invention for Water Management in Desert Zārch is a plain Kariz with a gallery length of 80 km, its mother well is 90 m deep and has more than a thousand well shafts. It is still functional despite the sharp decline in the aquifer’s water levels. According to the existing documents, this Kariz dates back to preIslamic Era. History books too, indicate that this Kariz had been running across Yazd city about 700 years ago and people used its water for drinking and sanitation purposes through pāyābs which are a kind of access corridors. The starting point of this Kariz is in a village of Fahraj located in the north east of Yazd. The Kariz runs at the depth of 30-40 m beneath the city of Yazd. Then it reaches Zārch, where the water is used for irrigation in lower lands of the city of Yazd. The history of Zārch Kariz can be studied in terms of the formation of Zārch city, the age of the hydraulic structures built over it and in terms of existing historical documents. The history of Zārch city not only can be found in history books, but also myths, fables and epic stories mention it frequently, all of which are indicative of its long history. Now if we consider this Kariz as the factor behind the formation of this city, it is as old as the city itself. The study of the history of Kariz of Zārch shows that it has been frequently mentioned in various references. A sample of this references is a history book written by Ja’fari in the 1500 AD. This historian writes: “KAriz of Zārch enjoys two branches, one is outside the city and the other flows into the city. It is one of the oldest Kariz. During the invasion of the enemy forces, when they surrounded the city and blocked the water resources, it was the only water resource for the residents. To access water, people have to climb down 70 steps. Although it tastes a little bit salty, when it is cold it tastes fresh”. The hydraulic structures built over or close to this Kariz are another proof for its long history. Based on the results of studies conducted, some of the well shafts date back to pre-Islamic Era. The sections of these well shafts are rectangular in the bottom. Experts maintain that such well shapes were mostly common during Zoroastrian period, and in local dialect such well shafts are known as “Gabri” (Zoroastrian) wells. In addition to Kariz itself, some of the pāyābs in this area are very old and their names have been mentioned in history books. The book entitled The New History of Yazd holds that the pāyāb of Masjed-e Jāmé Yazd has been constructed during Alaud-Daulla reign in 1480 AD. The archaeological researches conducted about Kariz of Zārch attribute it Archimedean Era. The bricks of 40×40×10 cm thickness obtained from the remains of Zārch castle belong to Archimedean Era. Some ceramic pieces belonging to Sassanid Period have also been found in the upper parts of Kariz of Zārch. If we place the records for the formation of Zārch city beside other historical references, we can conclude that the age of this Kariz most likely goes back to pre-Islamic Era. Needless to say that this Kariz has been fully operational during 1200-1300 AD supplying potable water for the people of Yazd, meanwhile the residents of Zārch used its water for irrigation, sanitation and consumption purposes. Therefore, this Kariz is among the oldest Karizes. On the other hand, this Kariz enjoys numerous pāyābs, some of which are very old. The New History of Yazd, as a sample of numerous history books says that Alaud-Daulla ruler of Yazd had a Masjed-e Jāmé built in Yazd and beside it a pāyāb to access the water of Kariz. “And Alaud-Daulla constructed a mosque where Arsalān Khātun had constructed the minaret and beside the minaret built a dome, then he joined a branch of Zārch to the back side of the masque. Read more: https://surfiran.com/zarch-qanat-3000-years-old-water-management-system/#ixzz7cDLMbu5Z

To read more:(

1) A project on Environmental and Engineering aspects of Kariz & Roman Aqueducts.

(2) Scientific paper which reviews Kariz/Aqueducts 

#Kariz #qanat #aqueduct #ancientAqueduct #RomanAqueduct #aqueduct #iran #water